Managing AIDS

Presentation In the circumstance with Frank Deloisio, a center chief who had AIDS, Jean Langone Smith had perhaps the best trial of her profession. She was experienced an instance of the sort which such a significant number of supervisors can appear to be, one in each 250 Americans has been determined to have the plague of the twentieth century, yet the circumstance is fragile to such an extent that couple of books can help an individual in overseeing position to sift through the moral issues that identify with it. Overseeing AIDS: Issues To Confront As it were, dealing with an individual determined to have AIDS is like dealing with whatever other individual who has been determined to have an alternate terminal disease like malignancy or tuberculosis in the last stages. Be that as it may, AIDS is an extraordinary social marvel because of the shame related with this infectious illness. It has come to represent the bohemian way of life of the gay people and whores, and numerous individuals feel that an individual is to be faulted for having brought about such a condition. Additionally, in spite of the clinical professionals’ affirmations, there are still feelings of trepidation that an individual with this condition may taint someone in nature, which makes the expulsion of such an individual from the gathering alluring for a few. One more issue that was related with AIDS in Frank’s case was his successive unlucky deficiencies. He here and there needed to utilize Jean and others to have the option to pay for his ailment. The representatives at DEC needed to invest additional effort and convey the additional outstanding task at hand to make up for his regular medicines. Moreover, individuals were not educated about the explanation of his unlucky deficiencies, and hence had motivation to accept that he was simply utilizing them to go on vacation work to take care of his own issues. Utilitarian Perspective In the event that Jean had seen the happenings from an utilitarian point of view, she would simply be worried about the outcomes of her choices, and in assessing those outcomes, her essential center would be the measure of satisfaction or despondency of the individuals that would result from it. In this manner, excusal of Frank Deloisio appears to be a conceivable choice. In the event that he had been terminated for his ailment, the organization would need to supplant him with an alternate individual who might in all likelihood have the option to deal with the obligations, giving more opportunity to them. At that point all the representatives would be glad, as they would be mitigated of their additional obligation. With respect to Frank, he would be less significant, as his difficulties are those of a solitary individual. Deontological Perspective From a deontological see, it is important to make the wisest decision paying little heed to the outcomes. The view made and the down to earth strides rely upon the position embraced towards what is correct or wrong. Subsequently, on the off chance that the proper thing is remaining by the debilitated individual, at that point the best thing is to help Frank in his pickle, sharing his obligations. One could state that a wiped out individual can't enjoy oneself, and in this way it is right from the moral outlook to share the advantages accessible to others to support the debilitated one. Then again, in the event that one embraces the view that a definitive decent is effectiveness, at that point Frank’s excusal is a reasonable choice as he is unmistakably in the method of the company’s achievement. His supplanting with an alternate individual would add to the effective working of the organization all in all. Decency to AIDS-Infected Person Decency implies managing individuals sincerely and as per standards. In this sense, the manager’s commitment comprises in managing representatives reasonably, without predisposition or preference. Subsequently, an individual experiencing AIDS ought to be managed in a similar way as whatever other individual who is experiencing a genuine wellbeing issue. This additionally implies the chief ought to incite all the representatives to treat the one contaminated with AIDS in a similar way. Contemplating Rights Keeping up the privileges of an individual requires the adherence to a specific arrangement of standards. For example, the wiped out individual has the option to privacy, and this is the thing that Jean has been attempting to accomplish for Frank. Plus, Frank was additionally qualified for company’s clinical protection, and the full inclusion of the expenses related with his disease. With respect to case from this point of view includes the support of various fundamental standards, however there is consistently the threat that something may become lost despite a general sense of vigilance. For example, if the individual isn't qualified for an adjustment in work obligations, this won't be sought after by the supervisor as it isn't a piece of the wiped out employee’s indicated rights. How Jean Did Jean, albeit ill-equipped to manage a circumstance like that, satisfied the test of taking care of authoritative issues in her area of expertise. She was not reached by the AIDS projects to the degree that she could infer her insight into what she could do from that source, and along these lines she was acting dependent on her own moral judgment. Jean went a long ways past what was fundamental as per the conventions at the organization. She helped Frank in modifying his duties to suit his present wellbeing conditions, and even had a plan to coin another position intended for him where he could underscore his specialized abilities, without squeezing him that he was unable to deal with. At the point when his wellbeing weakened, she loosened up his obligations considerably further. This raised her position with the work force, permitting individuals at the organization to see that she was all set past what was recommended by the principles to suit her representatives. As it were, her own moral viewpoint was changed: if beforehand she took a gander at the individuals as experts, limiting her relationship with them as a simply business one, presently she could show that she was prepared to consider them to be one of a kind people that are significant not just as pinions in the machine. Maybe the obvious idea of the case that included helping a wiped out individual helped Jean to make a jump from an exacting and formal director to a real existence and-blood character. In the event that Jean had been defied with an all the more morally uncertain case like pleasing the disappointment of individual in a separation, she would be more enticed to think along the lines, â€Å"They need to adapt to their issues on their own†. Confronting a circumstance of somebody miserably poorly changed her conduct and perspectives. End Jean did well as she protected the privileges of a wiped out individual, acted reasonably, and was acceptable at keeping up the fundamental standard of helping a debilitated individual. Jean’s activities were additionally directly from the utilitarian point of view as it were. Supporting a worker in need helped her to maintain her picture according to other people, just as the picture of the organization. The workers at DEC had the option to make the determination that in the event that they become sick with AIDS, they can most likely anticipate a similar touchy and sagacious treatment. This thought is going to help their resolve over the long haul, and increment their dedication for the organization. The case stood out as truly newsworthy, which is going to fill in as positive exposure for DEC, lifting the corporate picture. It is maybe out of line to associate Jean with such an inspiration being her essential driver, yet this serves to show that her activities gain support from both deontological and utilitarian point of view.

Oral Language Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Oral Language Development - Essay Example As anticipated by analysts oral language improvement adequately happens from the child’s early years, where in a kid is equipped for learning at least two dialects effectively as contrasted and grown-up students. It is imperative for a youngster to figure out how to impart from an early age, so as to turn into a completely proficient and taught individual. Since so much is created and learned by a kid right off the bat, the instruction and appropriate preparing ought to be the most significant part of the child’s life and into adolescent’s. Early education is characterized as the stages experienced by a kid in building up their language abilities which incorporates perusing and composing. Oral language performs fundamental capacities in the turn of events and upgrade of the child’s thinking aptitudes. Through the improvement of oral language the basic thinking capacity about a kid experiences a similar pace. Acquainting themselves with the jargon and the l anguage fundamentally makes them think about the best possible and suitable words on the most proficient method to present and express their musings with others. The previously mentioned things give a solid connection between the child’s oral language improvement and early education. The more a kid can decipher and profoundly comprehend oral language, the more prominent the likelihood that a youngster has the ability to decipher, break down, and comprehend composed writings. Research discoveries have uncovered that a kid at his/her young age having a praiseworthy oral language advancement is bound to arrive at an estimable proficiency level; while in the converse, a kid with poor oral language improvement has a more prominent likelihood of having low degree of education aptitudes. Oral language, notwithstanding of its being one of the establishments of proficiency, is regularly dismissed or given lesser significance in underlining the upgrade of education abilities. Oral lang uage performs different basic jobs in scholarly accomplishment as studies with monolingual English speakers delineated. The abilities utilized in disentangling information and data developed by having oral language capability is the limit toward the improvement of perusing understanding among these youthful students. This shows the interrelationships among the four large scale abilities in language learning, for example, tuning in, talking, perusing, and composing. The jargon words that a kid gained from their condition through tuning in and utilized in talking are fundamental in building up their understanding perception. Significance OF READING SKILLS According to the article entitled â€Å"Reading, Literacy, and Your Child†, look into has recognized five fundamental perusing abilities which are immensely significant in improving the education level of each youngster, for example, phonemic mindfulness, phonics, jargon, understanding cognizance, and familiarity. Phonemic min dfulness is the capacity to hear, recognize, and play with segregated sounds known as â€Å"phonemes† in oral language; Phonics is the ability of interfacing with the letters of the composed language with the incorporation of the phonemes of the communicated in language; Vocabulary which is considered as the words that a youngster needs to perceive so as to convey capably; perusing perception is the capacity to profoundly comprehend and get importance from

On the side walk bleeding Essay Example for Free

As an afterthought walk draining Essay In General, The things that make it hard to peruse a book is having the option to sit and focus just on that book, and really perusing it to where you know precisely what you’re perusing and what’s going on and not overlooking what you read. To me so as to remain completely stuck to the book you are perusing it must be something in your kind of decision, stuff that you like to peruse a ton. The things that made it hard for me during this quarter and the books that I read was he page number in the books that I read it was practically difficult to complete the books that I had in about fourteen days. What affected my decision in books was the sort of books that I was into, I enjoyed anecdotal books about road life family’s that have had everything and at long last, End up with nothing by any means. Part B; Reading Rate : The aggregate of pages that I have perused the all out about two months that we’ve been in school is 1151 pages, the quantity of pages that I found the middle value of over a week after week perusing rate was 143 pages. As I would like to think my normal week after week perusing rate to me is entirely acceptable to me realizing that my books had such huge numbers of pages. I accept that my perusing propensities have improved after some time from my first book up to this point. My schoolwork of 2 hours of perusing for every week has grown a piece since I started perusing the book I am on now , an arrangement of progress is unquestionably required on the off chance that I need to arrive at the objective of 25 books before I graduate, I will probably invest more energy on discovering books that stand out for me. Part C; Thematic Reflections: One subject that I contemplated while perusing the â€Å"Coldest Winter Ever By Sister Souljah† Was Money is the course of all malicious, I believe this is one of my topics since it shows that you can do a ton with cash similar to making it, how you make it or get it or whether you canâ prove how you earned it, the family in my book had everything until they got busted for going through an excessive amount of cash on the double. They were being followed constantly whether they moved or not didn't make a difference on the grounds that the police would consistently know where they were, The other subject that grabbed my eye in the book â€Å"The Skin I’m In By Sharon G. Flake† is Don’t pass judgment flippantly I picked this topic in light of the fact that regardless of what Malika did somebody was continually making a decision about her. Nobody at any point attempted to become acquainted with her they were all simply mean to her off back, harassing her. Also, she was the best young lady. Part D; Set Goals: The objectives I might want to set is perusing more books and not being languid however simply completing it, no interruptions, something else I might want to do is discover more books like the books that I’ve been perusing.

Middle Range or Interdisciplinary Theory Evaluation - 2200 Words

Middle Range or Interdisciplinary Theory Evaluation (Term Paper Sample) Content: Middle Range or Interdisciplinary Theory EvaluationNameInstitutionMiddle Range or Interdisciplinary Theory EvaluationIntroductionBrain trauma injury remains to be a crucial health concern when it comes to clinical practice. Nurses face significant challenges caring for patients who have suffered from traumatic injury. Such patients present with a challenging problem considering its sensitivity. Nurses entrusted with the mandate of caring for such patients need to exercise extreme caution to see to it that they realize the best outcomes despite the sensitive nature of their patients condition. Notably, because the brain is involved, it is essential that the nurse in-charge employs the most appropriate measures guided by approved theories to help in dealing with the problem. The adverse effects linked to traumatic injury necessitate the need to adopt an appropriate form of treatment to attain the best patient outcomes (Goodwin Candela, 2013). Various approaches can be adopted by the nurses to deal with the issue. These approaches have to be adopted under the auspices of approved nursing theories to deal with the clinical practice problem effectively (Butts, Bandhauer, Rich, 2013). Therefore, this paper focuses on the complexities that surround brain trauma injury nursing to demonstrate the indispensability of middle-range theories in nursing practice, especially when best patient outcomes are the primary target.Summary of the Selected TheoriesThe adoption of theories, especially middle-range theories such as the comfort theory, in nursing practice has been instrumental in significantly improving the provision of care to patients. The theory was developed by Katharine Kolcaba in the 1990s, and focuses on health practice. It reiterates the need to ensure that the individual patients needs are met. Kolcaba provides an example of a patient who has just undergone surgery and is experiencing pain ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM -1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.nedt.2012.07.013", "ISBN" : "0260-6917", "ISSN" : "02606917", "PMID" : "22901371", "abstract" : "The aim of this qualitative study was to explore if newly practicing nurses benefited from learning holistic comfort theory during their baccalaureate education, and to provide a conceptual framework to support the transition from school to practice. The study was conducted among graduates of an accelerated baccalaureate nursing program where holistic comfort theory was embedded as a learner-centered philosophy across the curriculum. A phenomenological process using van Manen's qualitative methodology in education involving semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis was used. The nurses recalled what holistic comfort meant to them in school, and described the lived experience of assimilating holistic comfort into their attitudes and behaviors in practice. Themes were established and a conceptual framework was developed to better understand the nurses' lived experiences. Results showed that holistic comfort was experienced as a constructive approach to transcend unavoidable difficulties during the transition from school to practice. Participants described meaningful learning and acquisition of self-strengthening behaviors using holistic comfort theory. Holistic comfort principles were credited for easing nurses into the realities of work and advocating for best patient outcomes. Patient safety and pride in patient care were incidental positive outcomes. The study offers new insights about applying holistic comfort to prepare nurses for the realities of practice. \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Goodwin", "given" : "Miki", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Candela", "given" : "Lori", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Nurse Education Today", "i d" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "6", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "page" : "614-619", "title" : "Outcomes of newly practicing nurses who applied principles of holistic comfort theory during the transition from school to practice: A qualitative study", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "33" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=423726cb-7b15-48bd-b9ec-427986138be0" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Goodwin Candela, 2013)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Goodwin Candela, 2013)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Goodwin Candela, 2013)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Goodwin Candela, 2013). Under the circumstances, it is essential that the patient is given pain relievers to help in the management of the condition. The theory further illustrates that the patient must be made to feel comfortable at any given moment that they are receiving treatment ADDIN CSL_CI TATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.apnr.2014.02.004", "ISBN" : "0897-1897", "ISSN" : "08971897", "PMID" : "24637106", "abstract" : "Nursing approaches to care as based on Katharine Kolcaba's (2003) middle range nursing theory of comfort are discussed in reference to patients' suffering from symptoms related to the discomfort from cardiac syndromes. The specific intervention of \"quiet time\" is described for its potential use within this population as a comfort measure that addresses Kolcaba's four contexts of comfort: physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural. Without realizing it, many nurses may practice within Kolcaba's theoretical framework to promote patient comfort. Explicit applications of comfort theory can benefit nursing practice. Using comfort theory in research can provide evidence for quiet time intervention with cardiac patients. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle " : "", "family" : "Krinsky", "given" : "Robin", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Murillo", "given" : "Illouise", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Johnson", "given" : "Janet", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Applied Nursing Research", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "147-150", "title" : "A practical application of Katharine Kolcaba's comfort theory to cardiac patients", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "27" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=62b18b9e-01d2-4a4a-84e2-b7c2ac20fbd1" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014). Chances are that the patient will be in a better position to attain improved outcomes. Also, the theory indicates the need to aim at achieving contentment when providing care to the patients ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "DOI" : "10.1016/j.apnr.2014.02.004", "ISBN" : "0897-1897", "ISSN" : "08971897", "PMID" : "24637106", "abstract" : "Nursing approaches to care as based on Katharine Kolcaba's (2003) middle range nursing theory of comfort are discussed in reference to patients' suffering from symptoms related to the discomfort from cardiac syndromes. The specific intervention of \"quiet time\" is described for its potential use within this population as a comfort measure that addresses Kolcaba's four contexts of comfort: physical, psychospiritual, environmental and sociocultural. Without realiz ing it, many nurses may practice within Kolcaba's theoretical framework to promote patient comfort. Explicit applications of comfort theory can benefit nursing practice. Using comfort theory in research can provide evidence for quiet time intervention with cardiac patients. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Krinsky", "given" : "Robin", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Murillo", "given" : "Illouise", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Johnson", "given" : "Janet", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Applied Nursing Research", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "147-150", "title" : "A practical application of Katharine Kolcaba's comfort theory to cardiac patients", "ty pe" : "article-journal", "volume" : "27" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=62b18b9e-01d2-4a4a-84e2-b7c2ac20fbd1" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Krinsky, Murillo, Johnson, 2014). It is, thus, essential to determine the perception of patients after addressing the problem facing them.The quality caring model is another middle-range theory whose underlying idea endears it to this paper, as it identifies the need to apply the best form of care to attain effective patient outcomes. The theory was proposed by Joanne Duffy. The theory sprouted out of the need to remind nurses of their fundamental r...

The American Dating Culture - 973 Words

How to date a brown girl (black girl, white girl, or halfie) The theme of the story to me represents a glimpse of the American dating culture. It is how young men perceive women in general. The narrator starts off talking about getting his mother to say yes to him staying at home, then begins to tell us his steps on how to get a girl. Diaz gives him the confidence and When Diaz mentions â€Å"†¦ a whole crowd will show up at your apartment†¦ it will be fun anyway and you ll wish these people would come over more often† (Diaz 20) clearly states his motives. If he does not get a physical connection with his date, in the end is all about getting the girl. Diaz focuses a little too much on the physical part of the relationship rather than the emotional part. His advice follows the same thought process. The narrator is filled with arrogance and confidence, yet sounds as if he lacks familiarity within the dating world while he goes on to speak about the different stereotypes he has about women. His language relates more to a younge r audience, and you can tell by reading the context clues of when he says â€Å"the girl won t flow over at all and the next day in school she ll say sorry† (Diaz 22). He speaks in a tone that implies not to be taken literally. I had to read the story multiple times to get a deeper meaning of what the narrator was trying to convey. This story follows common cliques about women. He leads on to inform you on what way you should act around a certain ethnicity orShow MoreRelatedEthnic Family Research Summary : Dating1219 Words   |  5 Pageshead: DATING IN VIETNAMESE AMERICAN CULTURE 1 Ethnic Family Research Summary: Dating in Vietnamese-American Culture Rachel LeMay San Diego State University CFD 335: Interactions in Culturally Diverse Families; Dr. Booth November 13, 2014 DATING IN VIET. AMER. CULTURE 2 Abstract This paper focuses on one of the prevalent aspects of the life-experience of young people in modern urban Vietnamese American culture. This includesRead MoreA Study On The Theory Of Teen Dating Abuse By Using A Phenomenological Inquiry942 Words   |  4 Pagesyouth that has experienced dating violence. To grasp the essence of their experiences I will conduct interviews with adolescent survivors of dating violence, allowing them to tell their story and explain their experiences from their personal point of view. 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I will come back to the meaning of this, but first before dating there is a phase called gokon. During this phase a group of friends get together and mingle with each other. Sometimes they can have bling group dates. In this culture the approvalRead MoreIdentity Formation and Assimilation of Ashima and Gogol in the United States1292 Words   |  6 Pagespersonality due to particular reasons such as new environment, new culture and conflicts. During the process, some characters from Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake either create or deny the bond with their own culture; some undergo conflicts among generations. Those processes reflect significantly in Ashima and Gogol throughout the book. The degree of assimilations determines to what extent the characters have formed the new identity in the new culture. 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Today the majority of persons who date are seeking the outcome of a marriage (although research does not agree with this). Eighty years ago, people dated for fun, pleasure, and recreation (Schwartz 116), and only â€Å"popular† people dated (WallerRead MoreThe World War II : A Evolutionary Change Within Societal Structure1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthey developed was challenged as soon as the men returned. American society expected everything to return to normal when the war finished, and men to return to the factories and women to return to housework. Contrary to popular belief, women took this opportunity to fight against social norms and gain the equality that they deserve. While fighting for what they believe in, feminists also unconsciously changed the accepted culture of American family life and styles of relationship. Many arguments canRead MoreRacial Relations: Dating Interratially 1085 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of dating. We all confessed who may or may not have our current attention and amongst my very diverse group of friends, one of them, a Hispanic, said she was interested in dating a white male. In response, another friend asked, â€Å"you like those white boys don’t you?†. It was a simple joke as all of my friends are open into interracial dating, but there are many people in American society who do not feel the same way. In fact, there are quite a lot of people who oppose interracial dating. This

Business Plan for Cpap Machines - 1628 Words

Introduction:- We stand to prepare a business plan but not only with one motive but do consider encompassing all the aspects, be it people, profit and planet. The sleep apnoea disease is spreading like a fire in all the parts of the world. People are ignorant about it as they do not understand the facets of this ailment and its health worries. The silent disease has rooted itself in many individuals and the awareness is bleak. Symptoms of Sleep Apnoea:- 1. People sleep while driving 2. Patients snore a loud while sleeping 3. People complaint about breathing while sleeping 4. People doze off whenever they sit ideal 5. People are lethargic all day. Executive Summary:- The sleep apnoea disease has been triggered in the lots of†¦show more content†¦With help of permission from the government use display boards beneath the road traffic, signals, parking signals. Display board saying â€Å"Do you sleep while you drive, get a health check done† 5. Telecast television shows with eminent â€Å"Doctors† to educate the people about this disease. 6. Hold drama shows in local parlance to make them understand the ailment of sleep apnoea and how it can be cured. 7. Put in our stall of the product in doctor’s meeting to increase the awareness amongst medical professionals. 8. Tie up with radio stations like radio mirchi for the sleep apnoea quiz at 7:00 to 8:00 pm every Monday for a month. 9. We will the advertise the location that have our product available in terms of pharmaceutical shops and hospitals. Segment:- The people who are suffering from Sleep Apnoea are:- 1. Of age group 30-60 years old 2. These are working professionals Inventory:- Serial No Components Cost/Unit Life Warranty 1. I/O Unit 550 5 Yrs 2. Pressure Sensors 5000 5 Yrs 3. Control Pad 1000 5yrs 4. Motor Control Circuitry 10000 10 Yrs 5. Mask 4000 1 Yr 6. Miscellaneous(Packaging an all) 500 TOTAL COST 21050 Machinery/Place for manufacturing (Fixed costs) S. No. Different M/Cs, Expenses Cost 1. Plastic cover manufacturing machine INR 1 lakh 2. Assembling Machine INR 3 lakh 3. Packaging Machine INR 1.5 lakh 4. Industry rent + CapitationShow MoreRelatedEmergency Department Models of Care16791 Words   |  68 Pagesimplement the model and measures to assess the model’s effectiveness. The Document also describes the benefits and challenges experienced by EDs who have previously introduced these Models of Care. Reflecting on these lessons, the hospital and ED can plan accordingly for a model’s implementation in their own location. A ‘case for implementation’ is given for each MOC which will enable the ED and hospital to address key questions related to the need for implementation, and hence improve decision-makingRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesAmericans with Disabilities Act: Effective Communication for People Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing ............................................................................................ ....................................................68 ADA Business Brief: DOJ Assistance for Communicating with People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing in Hospital Settings ..69 Settlements and Court Cases Involving Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Persons in Hospital Settings.............................................

Social Models of Health Care Systems Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Do social models of health highlight the limitations of the biomedical model? 2.Do privatized Health Care Systems deliver better Health care? 3.Is economic inequality a threat to good health? 4.Should healthcare professionals be educated about gender inequality? Answers: 1. The social model of health highlights the limitations of biomedical model as the social model emphasizes on the health determinants and health interventions in the society. It demonstrates ill health as a process of interaction between the individuals and the environment. The biomedical model plays a significant role in understanding the causes of the disease and appropriate treatments related to it but it has been criticized due to social and behavioral factors like sociology and psychology and also medicine. The social model demonstrates the health and illness by focusing on scientific or medical reasons as well as other factors that may lead to a deprived state of health such as poverty, low socio economic status, lack of housing and nutrition, stress related to employment and pollution in the environment (Riekert, Ockene Pbert,2013).These factors affect the physical as well as the psychological health of individuals because health largely depends on the society and the cultur e the individuals are living in. The main limitation that is experienced by the biomedical model is that it neglects the social and psychological factors by underestimating the complex nature of health and disease. In this model, the overall health aspects are linked to changes in the society and the environment and not the medical changes. The social model explains that a proper balance between the individual and the social interventions is mandatory. It assumes that good health is the main responsibility for the individuals living in the society. It can be done by properly examining the social determinants of the health such as status and the behavior related to the health of individuals. The social model of health focuses on the discrimination that is faced by the individuals on the basis of caste, creed, religion, ethnicity, socioeconomic status etc. It provides equal importance in preventing the health issue by providing proper treatment and reduces the discrimination between the individuals (Germov, 2009). It works by promoting the participation of communities and incorporating several interventions in the state such as social services and public policies including control in the pollution levels and safety at the workplace. There are three major aspects of the social model of health. These include social production and the distribution of the illness and the health, Social construction of illness and health, Social organization of health care (Germov, 2009).The biomedical model focuses in the treatment of the disease and the ability of taking risks in the individuals. There are several disadvantages of the biomedical model such as the patients who suffer from any health disease are known by their diagnosis and not by their individuality. They are not provided quality care and more importance is given on the use of modern and scientific technology (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry,2015). 2. Health care services delivered by the privatized health care systems are more efficient and sustainable as compared to public health sector organizations especially in developing and poor countries. Private health care in Australia is funded by health insurance funds. Medibank is the largest provider of health fund with a 30% share in the market ( Eldredge et al., 2016). There are a large number of individuals who prefer to take the assistance of health care professionals in private hospitals. This is because private hospitals provide proper assistance and are responsive towards patients as they are well equipped in providing personalized attention to their patients. The nurses, doctors, clinicians and other health care professionals have a few patients and hence can provide individual attention to them (Barbour,1995). They have proper amenities and involve the usage of modern and scientific technology to deliver the health care services. Hence, the services are quite expensive an d cannot be afforded by all the patients. The waiting time of the patient is short in private health care systems as compared to public health care systems. Private hospitals provide individual attention and personalized care to their patients related to the health disease and treatment. The nursing staff and other health care professionals provide self help and rehabilitation care to the patients after the treatment if required. Public health care is provided by the government through national health care systems. The health care funding in Australia is through Medicare which provides funding to a major part of the cost of health care services. The amount that is paid by the Medicare includes the health cost of the specialist and the general practitioner. A large number of people do not prefer visiting public hospitals for health care services especially in the poor and the developing countries. This is because public hospitals lack in providing proper hospitality and person centered care to all their patients. The patients do not get enough time to discuss their concerns with the doctor as there are a large number of patients. The waiting time of the patients is also large in a public health care system (Leeder, 2003). The number of nursing staff and the doctors is large in public hospitals but they do not provide personalized care to their patients. Public health care systems lack equipments based on moder n technology as they are expensive and hence are unable to provide proper health care services to patients. There are several initiatives and measures that are being taken in order to improve the quality of health care services in the public hospitals. These include providing proper attention to patients suffering from complicated health issues, responding to their phone calls and reducing the cost of the treatment. It is important to provide person-centered-care and take appropriate measures in order to provide quality health care services to the patients. The patients should be provided proper counseling after the treatment and should be explained about the preventive measures to be taken to enhance their experience as a patient. Proper measures for the safety and the prevention of infection in patients should be taken by the nurses and other health care professionals. They should wash their hands with soap solution or any other alcohol based hand wash during examining the patient. The instruments used should be disinfected and sterilized before using and the waste products should be dis posed of safely to avoid any harmful infections especially in public hospitals in developed countries. 3. Economic equality refers to gap between the individuals who have a high income and a low income. It acts as threat to good health in several ways. Income produced by an individual plays a crucial role in meeting his or her basic needs and also impacts health such as provision of proper medical facilities, nutritional diet and adequate housing facilities. A high income increases the chances of good health in human beings and a low income leads to several health issues in individuals. This is because they mainly reside in poverty stricken areas which are more prone to risks related to health issues(Kawachi Subramanian,2014). People who earn a low wage struggle everyday to meet their needs as well as their family members. They have to choose between different activities such as buy food items, health care services or housing facilities. They do not receive any support from anyone and hence suffer from several mental and physical health issues such as low self esteem, depressive symptoms, anxiety, fear and sadness. It has been observed that people who have a low income are discriminated on the basis of low socio economic status in the society. They are excluded from economic, social and political life. Individuals who earn a high income can lead to improved health condition and well being. People who live in poverty conditions experience violence, crime, environmental pollution and unhygienic environment. They have less access to education, employment, recreational facilities which lead to a negative impact on the individuals as well as the entire community (Reuss,2001). Individuals who live in the lowest poverty conditions are expected to live longer as compared to those who live in highest poverty conditions. Economic equality plays a significant role in affecting the health condition of individuals. The distribution of income within the individuals or the population also affects the health status along with the income and poverty levels among individuals. The country spends around 2 times in providing health care services per individual as compared to other countries; it ranks 49 in terms of life expectancy (Pickett Wilkinson, 2015). Countries which have a higher rank on the basis of life expectancy have several policies in order to support families and protect their workers. They can provide a safe environment by providing several health care facilities to individuals. These policies address the inequality of income/wealth by lowering down the gap between the two in order to provide appropriate resources to everyone to survive (Eldredge et al., 2016). It can also be done by reducing the connection between health and wealth and promoting the availability of resources for each and every individual, by not being dependent on income or the assets of individuals. 4. Gender inequality results in the discrimination between men and women. It leads to a negative health issues among females and women on a global scale. It provides men with authority and control over the lives of women and results in emotional and mental health issues such as depressive symptoms, anxiety and sadness in women. The health care professionals should be educated about gender inequality because discrimination on the basis of gender is a major social and health issue ( Garca-Moreno et al., 2015).Nurses can play a crucial role in addressing the rights of women and they can help in reducing health inequalities among men and women. It is important to provide information and knowledge to the nursing staff and other health care professionals about gender inequality. This will play a crucial role in the identification of women who had been the victims of physical and sexual violence (Bowler, 1993). The nurses and the doctors can make a significant contribution in helping women and protect them from the destructive behavior against them. These are the analysis of personal attitude towards the issue, empowering women by the use of nursing practice and the formation of specific interventions. The nursing staff and the health care professionals should provide proper health care services to both men and women and discriminate them on the basis of gender, caste, religion and socio economic status. Since, majority of the nursing staff are women; they will not question women candidates that would support her being a victim of abuse (Miers, 2002). Nurses will remain sensitive towards women who have been abused. Nursing staff can help in empowering the women who have been assaulted physically and psychologically. They will examine her physically and make her comfortable while listening to her ordeal. The nurses, doctors and other health care professionals should make them comfortable and provide proper counseling sessions. Victims of sexual or physical assault should be treated using proper communication skills so that they feel comfortable in sharing their problems and issues (Pickett Wilkinson, 2015). Women have always been treated as a burden in the society since ages due to lack of education and wealth. They are treated as an object in their homes by men specially husbands and are not allowed to work according to their wish (Riekert, Ockene Pbert, 2013).They are not given a well- balanced diet.Nurses should provide information about the practice of having safe sex and encourage them the use of condoms to prevent the infection from sexually transmitted disease and unwanted pregnancy in females (Chrisler, Barney Palatino, 2016).Nurses can also provide emotional and physical support to women. They should be provided appropriate health care services by the nurses and other health care staffs.Hence, it is very important to educate health care professionals about the gender inequality in order to prevent discrimination among men and women in the society (Sampselle, 1991). References Barbour,A(1995) Introduction. In Caring for Patients: A critique of the medical model.Stanford,Stanford University Press. Bowler,I (1993) They are not the same as us: Midwives stereotypes of South Asian decent maternity patients. Sociology of Health and Illness,v15(2): 157-177. Chrisler, J. C., Barney, A., Palatino, B. (2016). Ageism can be hazardous to women's health: Ageism, sexism, and stereotypes of older women in the healthcare system.Journal of Social Issues,72(1), 86-104. Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., Parcel, G. S. (2016).Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Garca-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d'Oliveira, A. F. L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., Feder, G. (2015). The health-systems response to violence against women.The Lancet,385(9977), 1567-1579. Germov, J.(2009) Imagining health problems as social issues. In Second Opinion: An introduction to health sociology.4th edition. Melbourne, Oxford University Press. Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V. (2014). Income inequality.Social epidemiology,126. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2015). The meaning of recovery in a regional mental health service: an action research study.Journal of advanced nursing,71(1), 181-192. Leeder, S.( 2003) Achieving Equity in the Australian Healthcare System, Medical Journal of Australia,v179:475-478. Miers,M (2002) Developing an Understanding of Gender Sensitive Care: Exploring concepts and knowledge. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40(1):69-77. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: a causal review.Social Science Medicine,128, 316-326. Reuss,A( 2001) Cause of Death : Inequality .Dollars Sense ,v235:10-12 Riekert, K. A., Ockene, J. K., Pbert, L. (Eds.). (2013).The handbook of health behavior change. Springer Publishing Company. Sampselle, C ( 1991) The Role of Nursing in Preventing Violence Against Women. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, v20(6): 481-487.

The Merchant Of Venice Portia free essay sample

The Merchant Of Venice: Portia # 8217 ; s Suitors Essay, Research Paper Compare and contrast Portia? s three suers, analyzing their charactersShakespeare high spots three of Portia? s suers, the Prince of Morocco, the Prince of Arragon and Bassanio. He does this to rise dramatic tenseness, as these three work forces are the most of import campaigners to win Portia? s manus in matrimony. They reveal the contents of the three coffins and their different characters every bit exposed as being proud, vain and low. They besides emphasise the racial biass of Venice a topographic point where many races clash. Their attitudes towards the coffins and their picks indicate what their character is like. This essay will compare and contrast the three suers and will research how Shakespeare influences the audience? s attitudes towards the three work forces. The Prince of Morocco is the first suer of the three suers we are introduced to. We will write a custom essay sample on The Merchant Of Venice Portia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His first line is, ? Mislike me non for my skin color? ( Act II Scene I ) He is dying to counterbalance for the coloring material of his tegument. He shows himself to be ashamed and insecure. However his character is proud because after he comments on his tegument coloring material he proceeds to support it and boasts about himself, ? # 8230 ; this facet of mine/ Hath fright? d the valiant? The best regarded virgins of our clime/Have lov? d it excessively # 8230 ; ? ( Act II Scene I ) He challenges Portia to compare his blood with the whitest of work forces to see whose is the reddest. ? Bring me the fairest animal? And allow us do scratch for your love/ To turn out whose blood is reddish, or mine. ? ( Act II Scene I ) This would be a manner to propose that Morocco was every bit baronial as any white adult male was because ruddy blood signified bravery and virility. A batch of accent is placed on Morocco? s skin coloring material. His tedious addresss full of false and excessive congratulations makes him sound insincere, ? ? all the universe desires her ; /From all corners of the Earth they come, / To snog this shrine, this mortal external respiration saint: ? ( Act II Scene seven ) In contrast his issue is short and dignified, in entire disparity to his entryway and long addresss before taking a coffin. ? ? I have excessively griev? d a bosom /To take a boring leave: leave also-rans part. ? ( Act II Scene seven ) This indicates he does non easy accept licking. He explains his ideas on each of the coffins as he reads the letterings on them. He says the lead coffin is non deserving guessing everything for and rapidly dismisses it. When he comes to the Ag coffin he remarks, ? Thou dost deserve adequate and yet enough/May non widen so far as to the lady: ? ( Act II Scene seven ) . He exposes his secret fright that he does non merit Portia. He considers silver non to be expansive plenty for Portia and dismisses this coffin besides. He settles upon the gold coffin believing that? what many work forces want? describes Portia. His pick can be explained by the fact that it is merely his royal blood and his luck that lends him regard from the people of Venice. His wealths are really of import to him. From this we can state that Morocco represents animal love, a desire for physical pleasances as oppose to those of the head. This means Morocco Judgess on outward visual aspects. The citation, ? All that glitters is non gold? befits his character which is insecure and shoal. The 2nd suer is the Prince of Arragon whose entryway unlike Morocco? s is non pre-empted by any remarks from Portia. His haughtiness and pride are shown through his pick of coffin and his reaction to taking the incorrect coffin. He remarks on the lettering of gold coffin, ? ? I will non leap with common spirits/And rank me with brutal multitudes. ? ( Act II Scene nine ) and believing gold was excessively common for him he arrogantly discards it. He does non even halt to contemplate the lead coffin stating merely that it would hold to look more attractive for him to guess anything for it. The Ag coffin is the 1 that entreaties to him the most because he feels that no one deserving should travel unmerited. His haughtiness leads him to presume that he is worthy of Portia. Before he opens the coffin he says, ? I will presume dessert? ? . His reaction when he finds that he was unsuccessful besides highlights his haughtiness because he is so incredulous and can non believe this is go oning to him, ? Did I deserve no more than a sap? s caput? / Is that my award? Are my sweets no better? ? ( Act II Scene nine ) . He is so chapfallen that one could experience sympathy for him. But he gracefully accepts his destiny and makes a dignified issue, ? I? ll maintain my curse, /Patiently to bear my wroth. ? ( Act ii Scene nine ) . His pick indicates that Arragon represents love controlled by mind because from his point of view taking the Ag coffin was the obvious and right pick. He was blind to his ain pride. Bassanio is the last of the three suers and since he has appeared several times throughout the drama before the audience know him rather good. He is portrayed as neither proud nor chesty but shows himself to be nervous around Portia bespeaking he may be inexperienced with adult females. This contrasts with the attitudes of the other two suers, as they are full of ego. Their purpose amongst others is to do Bassanio appear virtuous. He is important and by far the most of import of the three suers because Portia really displays involvement for him. He besides receives a good study from the courier at the terminal of Act II Scene nine before he enters unlike the other two suers. He receives better intervention than the other two suers do. Portia dramas music in the background possibly to quiet him and comfort him into the right frame of head so that he may take right. She besides tries to detain him in taking the trial, ? ? for, in taking incorrect, /I lose your company: ? ( Act III Scene two ) . But he says? Let me take ; /For as I am, I live upon the rack? demoing himself to be an impatient and tortured lover or possibly dying to put claim to Portia? s luck. His long addresss before taking the coffin are excessively intense. He does nevertheless do some good points and he centres on the stating, ? wear? T justice a book by its screen? . He talks about faith, cowardliness and beauty. He says how one could explicate off evil actions by mentioning scriptural quotation marks, in consequence concealment behind faith. ? ? In faith, What damned mistake, but some sober brow/ Will bless it and O.K. it with a text? ( Act III Scene two ) On cowardliness he comments that work forces could give marks externally that they were brave but on the interior they were cowards. He besides mentions beauty and how the individual who wore the most cosmetics was the least beautiful. He mentions that head coverings could conceal things and gull even the wisest people and the illustration he gives is a beautiful scarf hides a dark face. This contrasts straight with the other two suers because they are mercenary and justice by outward visual aspects. These wise words and besides the fact that he has nil to lose and everything to derive leads him to take the lead coffin. ? ? 1000 meagre lead, / Which instead menace? nest than dost promise nothing, / Thy lividness moves me more than fluency? ( Act III Scene two ) His reaction to taking the right coffin is merely enraptured and he is ecstatic. His burbling congratulations and efforts to sound sincere fail and do him sound insincere. Shakespeare influences the audience? s attitudes towards the three work forces in the manner that he presents them. The fact that Bassanio receives a good preemption gives the audience a good feeling of him. However, Arragon receives none and Morocco receives a racialist comment before he enters and besides after he has left. Who they are influences the audience excessively, the Prince of Arragon and Morocco are supposed to be viewed as amusing characters. As at the clip, England was at war with Spain, Arragon is a instead uncomplimentary stereotype of a typical Spaniard. His haughtiness and his failure in taking the right coffin would hold been amusing to an Elizabethan audience. Besides some may happen the drama on words with his name? Arragon? and? Arrogant? besides diverting. The same is for Morocco who is jeered at for his tegument coloring material. Bassanio nevertheless is portrayed more favorably, he is a Christian, a Venetian and non proud or chesty. The manner Portia reacts to them is instrumental in act uponing the audience? s sentiments of them. When Portia picks on a mistake of a suer it is pounced upon by the audience and when Portia is happy with a suer ( that is Bassanio ) so the audience besides begins to wish him. The audience? s chief concern is that heroine of the drama is happy with whichever adult male she marries. Shakespeare has a batch of influence over the audience since it is he who decides how to show the characters and whether to do their personalities likeable or non therefore plays with the ideas of the audience. 357

Successful Writing in College Essays

Successful Writing in College Essays Successful Writing in College Essay Successful Writing in College Essay Essay Topic: College College application Throughout college, students will be mandated to write countless numbers of essays through their college education. Various of the assignments will talk about their individual goals and desires. Writing is a way of communicating without having to use our voices.We need writing for a number of reasons. One being jobs; applications, and emailing employees. To be an effective writer you have to be able to put your words in a form where your targeted audience understands what your main points are. To be a better writer you need to take the time on working on your craft and revising your writings to become closer to writing an excellent essay. In high school, I always had the same problem in writing and reading assignments. I waited to the last night to either figure out what the heck I was going to write ortry to finish reading the chapters. I would do this assignment after assignment. I would never make a outline for my papers. I would never rereadthe chapters if I never understood the content. My pattern throughout high school was procrastination. Writing and reading are a process and they take time and full effort. â€Å"You have to sing everyday so you can build up to be amazingly brilliant.† (Jagger 1. ) To become great at something it takes a lot of practice to improve your skill. Yes some people are born with better abilities at first for reading or writing but they still have to put the effort in to become phenomenal. My procrastination would lead me to rush at the last minute and I would end up turning in terrible work for my teacher.I would always wonder whenI would get my papers back why would my grade not as well as I wanted. I would think maybe its my teachers fault and not me but then next year I had a different teacher with the same results. Would struggle with writing and reading assignments. So i took a step back for a moment is it the teachers or me? I figured out my patterns of last minute work was the probl

Over consumption has different effects on earth Essay

Over consumption has different effects on earth - Essay Example Another effect of overconsumption on earth is displacement and migration of living things from their normal places of living. Overconsumption leads to climate changes that make it necessary for living things to move from these places in search of more comfortable places. Human beings are the most affected with poor populations and those with low incomes being the most exposed. Consequently, the rate of economic development among these people is greatly reduced (Cohen-Kiener 2009, p122). Overconsumption has negative effects on factory workers as they try to meet the high demand for goods. Manufacturing companies have to meet the required quality and quantity of goods they produce otherwise they will be outcompeted by their rivals. This pressure is passed on to workers who are forced to work for long hours and in some situations under dangerous environments. Accidents in factories have also increased due to increased complexities in production processes thus posing another risk to factory workers. This has led to increased friction between employers and employees as employees seek safer working environments (Cohen-Kiener 2009,

Experimental work on the mechanical properties of concrete using Dissertation

Experimental work on the mechanical properties of concrete using recycled aggregates - Dissertation Example This paper illustrates that the main environmental problem in the world today is the disposal of waste material. In order to protect the environment, the consumption of natural energy is reduced while the consumption of waste energy is increased. This minimizes the amount of natural resources that is used which in turn helps in the conservation of natural resources. Every construction activity needs a lot of materials. Some of these materials include; sand, bricks, timber and mud. However amongst these materials, concrete remains the most important of them all. With respect to the environment and adaptability, the concrete that is used in any construction must satisfy all the environmental and economical needs of any given area. When we use recycled aggregate for construction then we are able to construct the environment while at the same time minimize the cost used in the construction process. The waste and by products of cement contain almost 75% of natural aggregates and so it is of greater importance as natural aggregates. When we talk about recycled aggregates here we mean; slag, waste from power plants, used concrete, quarrying and mining wastes, waste glass and many more. There are lots of demolished concrete that is left without use in demolished sites as well as construction sites. These concrete wastes provide are the main source of recycled waste that we will look at their strength. Cement (Portland cement) History Portland cement is the main type of cement that is used in making concrete in construction site. Its fine powder is produced by grinding clinker and some limited amount of calcium sulfate. It was developed in the early 19th century in Britain from natural cement. The name is derived from Portland stone, a building stone that was used during the same time. The origin of Portland cement is believed to be from Aspdin Joseph. He was a brick layer from Britain Leeds. One of his employees Johnson developed a production technique which resulted i n hard and fast drying cement. The cement also had high compressive strength as compared to other concrete. As days passed, people started to prefer the Portland cement to the roman cement which had been in use for many years. In 1843 Aspin’s son William made a version of this cement which was improved. He named it patent Portland cement though it did not have patent in it. He later moved to Germany to improve cement making and came up with Portland cement. In 1878 the German government gave a standard for Portland cement. Hydration When Portland is mixed with water and it reacts with it, a process called hydration, this mixed with sand and some gravel produces a synthetic rock, which we call concrete. This concrete is very essential in today’s world as electricity and water. During the hydration process, four main types of minerals are always present. They include belite, alite, aluminate, and ferrite. The addition of water causes an exothermic reaction to occur, afte r this reaction, (C3A) reacts with water forming aluminum gel. This gel in turn reacts with any sulphates in the mixture to form ettringite. The

The Credit Crisis and the Resulting Effects on the Financial World Essay Example for Free

The Credit Crisis and the Resulting Effects on the Financial World Essay All of these events are what has led to what analysts have said to be a recession. This paper will attempt to explain the causes that credit issues had on the financial crisis as well as show how liquidity played a major role in throwing debt markets into panic and in some cases failure. I will also give some insight into how the debt markets became inactive because of these issues. We will also take a look at how interest rates affected this crisis as well as how the stock market and initial public offerings (IPOs) were affected. The Beginnings of the Bubble Burst After the internet bubble burst of 2000 the Federal Reserve Bank was worried about a serious deflationary period. Because of this fear they did not want to counteract the housing bubble. The Federal Reserve Bank actually lowered the federal funds rate from 6. 5% to 1% in the period from 2000 to 2003. This was done in order to soften the blow from the internet bubble and was encouraging people to borrow at faster rates. During this time period, banks also went through a serious transformation period where instead of holding onto debt, they used new financial innovations to bundle them and sell the risk off onto other investors. This process was named originate and distribute. In this banking model loans were put together, tranched and sold via securitization. To tranche means to slice up the pool of debt into say slices of a pie. Each pie slice has a different risk involved, credit rating and thus different amounts of interest paid. Securitization is where these slices are then sold to different investors as bonds or Collaterized Mortgage Obligations (CMOs). The principal and interest on the debt, underlying the security, is paid back to the various investors regularly. These types of new innovations led to new investors and thus access to more liquidity for banks. Banks began to thrive with all the new opportunities for them to create more liquidity. As you can see from this chart, Securitization was being exploited at alarming rates. [pic] This in turn, allowed them to be able to lend more money. The problem was not the increased amounts of loans that banks gave out, the problem lied with whom these banks were lending money. Of course the added pressures growing in the market from the government and financial institutions werent helping matters. As I mentioned earlier, The Federal Reserve Bank was lowering the federal funds rate in the years of 2000 through 2003 which encouraged people to invest in real estate. At the time the real estate market was on a tremendous upswing. However in the years of 2004 through 2006 they started increasing the federal funds rate (FFR) which made 1-5 year adjustable rate mortgages more expensive to reset for homeowners. There was another side effect of the rising FFR, generally when interest rates rise, assets fall in value. This would mean that speculation in real estate would be much riskier for investors, and this may have led to the eventual housing bubble burst. However this did not stop banks from targeting a new market. A new customer target entered the market for banking systems, Sub-prime borrowers. Originally, banks were, for the most part only lending to prime borrowers, a group of borrowers who are considered the most credit-worthy, indicated by a FICO score greater than 720. These prime borrowers were able to borrow money at the markets best interest rate and were also considered safe investments. Sub-prime borrowers on the other hand, were less than desirable potential customers to lend to. Their credit ratings were much lower than prime borrowers, meaning they were more likely to be late with payments on loans or even default all together. Now, initially banks may have strayed away from giving as many loans out to sub-prime borrowers as they did, however added pressures by the government and financial institutions were mounting. When the Securities and Exchange Commission relaxed the net capital rule in 2004, this allowed the five biggest investment banks to dramatically increase the leverage they could use and also allowed them to aggressively expand on their issuance of mortgage backed securities (an asset-backed security or debt obligation that represents a claim on the cash flows from mortgage loans through securitization). This then pressured government entities such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to expand their riskier lending to sub-prime borrowers, and this led as an example for other banks that followed suit. Financial Market Begins to Feel the Pain and the Onslaught of Liquidity Issues Arise The rise of securitized products ultimately led to a flood of cheap credit, and lending standards fell. Now that banks had a way to get rid of the majority of risk involved in lending money, via securitized products being sold to financial institutions, they took an easy going approach to approving and monitoring loans. Banks came up with new ways to give out mortgage loans with no down-payments, jobs and even income! These were called piggyback mortgages (the combination of two loans to take the need of a down payment away) and NINJA (no income, no job or assets). These loans were given on the assumption that people if people needed money they could always refinance and actually horribly wrong and in fact the opposite happened. Loans started to default a domino effect began causing liquidity crisis as well as other issues. The trigger for the liquidity crisis began in early 2007, when sub-prime mortgage defaults started increasing at damageable speeds. Mortgage-backed Securities, CDOs and asset-backed securities (a security whose value and income payments are derived from and collateralized (or backed) by a specified pool of underlying assets) all took a huge hit. This dominoed into the shadow banking system (financial institutions that do not have the same regulations as banks because they do not take deposits like banks do) causing many institutions great problems. The major issue was that a lot of these shadow banks had borrowed from investors in short-term, liquid markets (such as money markets and commercial paper markets) and then took this money and lent it out to corporations or invested in long term investments, less liquid assets. In most cases these long term assets that were purchased were mortgage-backed securities. So as you can see the default on sub-prime mortgages was deeply intertwined with all that shadow banking systems were involved in. Once the mortgages defaulted and investors became weary of investing in mortgage backed securities, these financial institutions that had so heavily depended on short term monetary loans from the investors were finding themselves quickly bankrupt. Because the shadow banks are not regulated such as depository banks they are also not able to use the lender of last resort, the U. S. Central Bank. In short financial institutions were in a serious bind. They needed to sell their long term loans for cents on the dollar to be able to pay off the short term loan payments and in the end many institutions were out of business. Some notable companies in 2008 that closed down shop were Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. And the long and short of it is that these financial institutions were also highly leveraged. That coupled with the long term illiquid investments they held were the shadow bankers downfall. The effects of defaulted mortgages did not stop there. The effects of defaulted mortgages continued to snowball into a huge problem for such companies as AIG. AIG is an international insurance company that had heavily invested in credit default swaps. The major problem that started the downfall of AIG was the downgrade of its credit rating. When you have a credit rating of AAA you do not, by industry standards, have to give collateral when entering into credit swaps. When AIG had to start providing collateral with their trading counter parties the problem of liquidity started. This was not just a small problem either; they had backed 100 cents on the dollar to CDSs. They had engaged in over 440 billion dollars worth of CDSs of which almost 60 billion were structured by sub-prime loans. In their first half of 2008 they reported 13. 2 billion in losses. They were on the verge of what could have sent our whole financial system into chaos. Had AIG failed it would have sent a wave of bankruptcy through the financial world that would have collapsed the entire market. Because after all, they were insuring financial institutions, who were holding risk for banks who had defaulted mortgage loans. The bailout by the U. S. Government saved AIG by giving them the biggest bailout in history, 85 billion dollars (of which the US Government got an 80 percent equity stake). That was not even the end of it; AIG was given another 77 billion after that. The buck basically stopped with AIG, as they were too big to fail. They had offered a product that while markets were doing well AIG was successful, but as the market declined they entered into what analysts say was inevitable. They offered to cover all risk when offering 100 cents on the dollar, and once the defaults on prime mortgages made it through the entire financial world they had to back the product they offered in CDSs and obviously they could not. The Financial Market Freezes The collapse of the shadow banking system was an igniter of the market freezing. They had accounted for one third of all U. S. lending mechanisms leading into this crisis. The reasoning was because investors that had been supporting the financial institutions with short term money loans quickly bailed out once things started to go wrong. With this absence of monetary injection into the shadow banking systems they were no longer able to fund mortgage funds, corporations and others in need of their services. This caused banks to have a serious absence of liquidity as well, leading them to start hoarding money. This meant that instead of banks loaning to counter-parties in need they held onto the funds in fear of needing liquidity in the future. This was a serious problem and one that will not be fixed in years to come. A lot of the forms of securitization that were once available are likely gone forever. The reasoning behind them disappearing is that they were designed in a time of very loose credit conditions and that time has gone, at least for now. While banks have raised their lending standards it was the rise and fall of shadow banks that inevitably led to the inactivity of debt markets. The Stock Market Follows As I mentioned earlier, the defaults on sub-prime mortgages spiraled into many liquidity problems in the financial markets. They caused investors to start fearing that markets would continue to drop. Banking institutions bankrupted, and with AIG on the brink of disaster, matters only got worse. Investors caused bank runs (Groups of people all withdrawing money from banking institutions at the same time), Illiquidity, and massive panic in stock markets. As we can see from this table, The S;P 500 index was significantly hit by these defaults. As you can see, during the crisis period volatility was 43. 6% (325% of pre-crisis period). [pic] This table reflects how the average investor was feeling about the market. As you can see in the post-crisis analysis the market volatility is still at 20. 9% and the average is actually lower than the crisis period. This next chart reflects the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DOW). As you can see here, the chart mirrors the information given in the last table. March 2009 was the low point of the market (where the crisis ended), and the market has rebounded. It has not yet returned to its previous high of 14,000 but it has steadily been on the incline since March 2009. This gives us hope in looking to the future, that even in the trenches our economy can rebound. Effects on Initial Public Offerings Initial public offerings are the first sale of stock by a company to the public. This allows companies big and small to raise capital for their firms. With the severe economic downturn in 2008, it sent a wave of negative effects worldwide, which hit the IPO markets hard. IPO markets plummeted by over 60% in both deal numbers and funds raised. Up until 2008, there had been record-setting years with IPOs. The problem lied with the illiquid markets. There was a significantly less money that investors were willing to supply for IPOs. Although IPOs were taking a significant hit, U. S. and China still led the way as far as funds raised from IPOs Companies with strong business plans and innovative products for the economy were still able to realize positive gains in the public markets. Looking towards the future, IPOs will rebound. Analysts say that signs point to new horizons for IPOs, favoring companies that offer innovative and public solutions for the changing environment. Looking Towards the Future In short, our financial world hit a wall when sub-prime mortgages were abused. Securitization multiplied the effects from default mortgages causing financial ripples that destroyed many firms. Other problems such as the relaxing of regulations and the pressures from the U. S government to give out sub-prime mortgages only made things worse. Greed ran wild and should have taught us a lesson on what deregulation and the abuse of sub-prime borrowers can do to markets. We also need to keep banks more regulated and have the government always keeping a watchful eye on the shadow banking system. Congress and the Obama Administration have taken the first step forward to preventing a repeat by putting into law the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. As regulators begin the rule-making process it is estimated that the act mandates nearly 250 regulations and 70 studies. Just as quickly as it was passed, however, the industry was hard at work lobbying to diminish the protections under the act by intervening as much as possible in the rule-making process that follows any such legislation. Additionally, the industry lobbyist are hard at work in an effort to get the newly elected Republican-controlled House of Representatives to weaken the legislation’s impact through low funding of the various regulatory enforcement provisions. I would hope that in the future we can learn from this crisis and realize that lending to borrowers with good credit, and income that can afford the payments of a loan, are very important aspects in lending. Equally, financial institutions must get back to seriously following their own loan policies, since most policiesthat were ignored allowed for loans to be approved that should not have been. . Works Cited 1. United States. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The Financial Crisis Timeline. Web 09 Dec. 2010.

The Brink of War :: history

The Brink of War In 1914, there were many things that placed Europe at the brink if war. Nationalism, militarism, imperialism, social darwinism, and Jingoes where five of the main forces that were pushing Europe to the brink of war. Another main force was the development of Alliance systems. These ideas and systems threatened the balance of power which could then cause a major war to break out. In Europe at the time, there were many ideas which were causing friction. Nationalism, which was the desire for a country was causing friction because people in old empires sought to be free. The leaders of these people would not be happy and a war would definitely break out. If they became free they would also need to take land from someone else and this again may cause a war and usually did. Another idea which was contributing to the shifts of power in Europe was Militarism. This was when a country believed its power was reflected in its army. They believed that war was the right thing to do and that all countries needed to be ready for war. If a country felt they had a lot of power they would, no doubt, try to conquer a weaker neighbor or just any other country. Imperialism which was the countries want to build an empire was another reason. For a country to become an empire they would have to colonize and conquer other territories. This would easily start wars and it's not that hard to figure out why. A good example of this is Italy. They wanted to become an empire so they attacked a country which they thought was weaker then them(Abyssinia). This caused a war which in the end was won by Abyssinia. Another cause was the idea of social darwinism. This meant the survival of the fittest. The best would win and the weaker would parish. The stronger country would attack weaker countries and in the end the weaker would usually lose. This caused a lot of tension just like militarism. The last of the ideas, was the idea of jingoes. These were people who lived for war. All they wanted was to go to war. Jingoes where very aggresive talkers and they caused a lot of friction between many countries. These ideas where some of the main reasons Europe was pushed to the brink of war.

Child abduction Essay

Kidnapping is any illegal capture or detention by any strangers for criminal and mischievous purpose. In criminal laws, kidnapping means taking away or asportation of a person against the person’s will. These problems are usually caused by parental child abduction, children abduction for slavery and abduction results from parents to bring up as their own. Now, here are some preventions for these particular circumstance from occur. First of all, parents ought to give guidelines to their children. They should play their very important role to build up a family safety plan. Parents need to educate their kids to think logically, in order to do so, kids must be taught that questioning, reasoning, and criticizing are good requirement to stay safe. They have to stay aware of the surrounding issues and keep alert. For example, teach the kids about stranger and common lures used by kidnapper such as giving sweets to seduce them and many more. Other than that, parents should also listen to their kids’ problem. Ask if they have question, and listen carefully to their answer. Parents have to put themselves into their children’s shoes. Moreover, it is essential to know where the kids are going, who is with them and when they are suppose to return home. Parents can check on the location of their children if they keep a list of acquaintance’s phone numbers. Besides that, an implantable chip touted is another effective solution for child kidnapping. The chip can be surgically planted under a child’s skin, putting it into the fabric of clothes or inserted under the skin by injection. With this chip, parents can easily detect their children’s situation, once they are out of the certain area the special alarms will send out a SOS signal. This is because it has an SOS button, which sends an SMS and position coordinates to a predefined mobile number if the child is in trouble. A parent can call the child back to find out what the problem is. Kidnapping can be controlled if the laws are strong and if you inform your parent or guardian where you are going.

Juvenile Court Vs. Adult - 1452 Words

Nowadays, murders, rapists and other heinous crimes can be committed by anyone. A fourteen-year-old teenager murders someone or does a massacre in school can be often seen from the headline news of newspaper. However, these youth criminals may have much less severe punishment than adults may have who have done the same crime. A criminal is a criminal that must be punished as no difference between adult and youths; especially, the crimes are categorized under murder and rape. A bullet wound just hurt as much when a child as fires the gun as when an adult fires the gun. Therefore, regardless to age, the youths who commit heinous crimes like murder and rape should be charged as adults in a way of the punishment they deserve the same. The difference between juvenile court and adult court have been distinct. The issue has been a controversial one for a long time. The two justice systems, juvenile court and adult court have been long established for decades. Both involve people accused of crimes with the basic individual rights in the court. According to Pacific Juvenile Defender Center, it stated, â€Å"Youth may be held under juvenile court jurisdiction from age 12 until age 21, or until age 25 if he or she is committed to the California division of juvenile justice.† (YLC, 2009) The purpose of juvenile court system was set up for those youths who are not as mature and cannot be held as adults. However, juvenile crimes are becoming more often and heinous, it is necessary to focusShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Vs Juvenile915 Words   |  4 PagesJuvenile v. Adult Corrections Juvenile delinquents use to not face police or a correction system, only the fear and punishment of their families. However, as the juvenile delinquents aged they were faced with harsher punishments, but it was not until the 1800s reformers started looking for ways to teach values and built asylum and training schools. 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One way prosecutors can proceed, in trying the juvenile as an adult, is by exercising the 2011 SenateRead MoreMaking Poor Decisions : The Sentencing Age For Juveniles1257 Words   |  6 Pageswhat happens when making a poor decision results in unforeseen consequences that can lead to the destruction of an individual’s adult life. For some juveniles, those poor decisions consist of the commission of criminal offenses, which can automatically set them up for failure in their adult lives. P1 P2 Taking the initiative to change the sentencing age for juveniles will help America not only use funds in a more constructive way, but will also help youth learn from their mistakes without beingRead MoreJuveniles and The Death Penalty Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesJuveniles and The Death Penalty *No Works Cited One of the most controversial issues in the rights of juveniles today is addressed in the question, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles? 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Once you reached the ages